Describe recruitment and selection process among U.S police Essay

Describe recruitment and selection process among U.S police departments during the last half of the nineteenth centry (i.e., the first fifty years of policing) - Essay Example Police departments were organised as per political affiliations. Police in these early days was organised under police chiefs. These police chiefs were appointed by political bosses. These political bosses ensured that the police chiefs and the subsequent police mechanisms remained subservient to them. Corruption was the order of the day in order to satisfy the political bosses’ aims and objectives. The common man was harassed by utilising the police framework so as to secure political domination. The presence of political machines meant that political bosses were on the lookout for ways to offset the balance of power in their favour. Cops were recruited by political machines in an effort to encourage citizens to vote for the â€Å"right† political candidate. Often police brutality ensured that the wishes of the political bosses were carried out in letter and spirit. Police was used to exert political influence by intimidating, intruding and pressurising ordinary people and businesses. Corruption was reduced to a complete system. Payoffs on massive scales ensured that the policemen remained loyal to a political side. Crime was organised as robberies, extortions, gambling and other illegal activities were carried out systematically. Another tendency of this era was earmarking police personnel as per their political affiliations. Often as political machines waned, so did the police framework supporting them. Each political machine ensured that â€Å"their cops† were placed in active duty to protect their interests. These early tendencies for police brutality and corruption were in line with the sociological facets of the time. People were not politically organised in coherent regimes to ensure that police corruption could be settled through political resolve. Moreover, the presence of corrupt politicians backed by clandestine businesses ensured that the police framework remained in line with their demands and

Prize Money in Tennis A Gender Perspective Essay

Prize Money in Tennis A Gender Perspective - Essay Example Their sporting skills, sadly take a backseat. Marxist theory equates the man as the bourgeoisie and the wife as the proletariat. He felt that the communist ideology will give space to women by bringing them into the public space. In communism, women can enter into public sphere of production and communalize the realm of private production. This then, becomes the program for emancipation of women. If we take the example of Cuba, which is a socialist dictatorship, structured along the Eastern European countries. Fidel Castro, after coming to power, brought about major changes in all aspects of Cuban society, including its sports. The other communist countries held up Cuba's success in sports as an example as a success of socialist experiment. $80 million is still invested in sport annually, which represents 2% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Cuba. The Cuban government invests a disproportionate amount of its resources in its athletes - educating, feeding, clothing them, paying for equipment, and travel. Sports in Cuba is deeply integrated with politics and political ideology borrowed from Eastern Europe ideology Sports is an integral part of the political culture, and it is available to all. Castro established a strategy both to unite the population behind common sporting goals and establish a shared national identity through sport. The liberal feminist theory states that sports increases socialization among women. It develops confidence, decreases the gender imbalance. But a lot of discrimination exists in sports. This includes categorizing sports as feminine and masculine. Feminine sports being hockey, volleyball, handball, masculine being rugby, cricket, football. Women are also not represented in major sports organizations. They do not hold decision-making positions. In 2002, women held 17 per cent of executive director/general manager positions.Legal restrictions also reduce the chances of women holding important jobs. The sex discrimination Act, 1975, in UK does not include sports in its agenda. Private sports clubs remain outside the purview of equal opportunities legislation. Liberal feminism has included these issues on the agenda of sports organizations, clubs. Organizations such as Women Sports Foundation-WSF, Women's Sports International-WSI, have put pressure on these institutions and have managed to put issues like gender equality and equity becoming part of mainstream sports agenda. The liberal feminist theory says that biological constraints are not responsible for less participation of women in sports Inspite of all this, discrimination continues. There is another theory - radical feminism, which sees the male as oppressors and the female as suppressed. Unlike the liberal feminism, which only talks about equal opportunities for women, radical feminism mentions that women are encouraged to have an acceptable heterosexual feminity in sports. For example, in international women beach volleyball, bikini bottoms should not be deeper than 6 centimeters. This has less to do with appropriate dress codes and more of objectification of women's bodies. Radical feminism has also led to an understanding of

War Dance response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

War Dance response - Essay Example The ability of human beings to invent fire portrays one of their major uniqueness. Fire was able to change the lives of human beings in numerous aspects which are still witnessed today. Unlike other animals, human beings have unique body structure. For example, they have opposable thumbs and have ability to communicate more efficiently and effectively using different means such as languages, signs, body movements to mention just but a few. Moreover, human beings have strong socials connections and have highly developed brains as compared to other animals/species. This can be substantiated by the fact that they have been able to make the entire world a global village through their creativity and innovation of communication information technology (Zhu and Dasheng, pp.34-35). In addition to this, human beings are social animals; this argument may be substantiated by the fact that human beings like living together in social groups. They tend to live as community members rather than individuals human beings. For example, the emergence of cities is good evidence. Most people move from isolated places such as rural areas and move to cities to look for employment as well as socialize with other people. Based on the traditional human social structure, it can be observed that human beings are social animals. For example, they used to have families whereby, a man could decide to become a monogamous by marrying several wives and having numerous children’s. The family members stayed together in the same house (Zhu and Dasheng, pp.34-35). The poems and stories in War Dance by Sherman Alexie display characters and relationship of various people. The first character that helps to support the stated argument is the narrator of the poem in War Dance. The seats with his father in a lonely room in a hospital after his father had undergone surgery on his

The Organisation & Key Aspects of its Management Structure Essay

The Organisation & Key Aspects of its Management Structure - Essay Example Sophie’s is a clothing and accessory retailer that is based in California, USA. Sophie’s was created by an aspiring fashion designer, Jin Lee who found the capital to invest from her own family. Sophie’s began in 1999 as a small retailer but soon developed its image as a leading fashion retailer that catered to the changing demands of fashion conscious consumers. It is important that Sophie’s quickly adapt to the changing demands in fashion in order to remain profitable in such a strong market that has reached its maturity. The company buys manufactured cloth and other accessories and uses it to produce fashion clothing and items for its high end consumers. Clothes are imported in the country from developing countries that produce cotton including China, Bangladesh and Mexico and bought from select importers who deal with these countries. The cloth is bought in bulk and stored in warehouses. Later the cloth is designed according to the specifications of th e designers. The company structure within Sophie’s is vertical with Jin Lee as the managing director of the company. Vertical organizational structure is where power and decision making is centred at the top and authority moves from the top to bottom. Since Jin Lee is also the founder of the company and is very passionate about the organization, she maintains a rigid control over the organization. Directly working Jin Lee are the managers of the company which include Store Manager, Design Manager, Supply Chain Manager and Marketing Manager.

Immigrants in detroit Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Immigrants in detroit - Research Paper Example tates and taking jobs from less fortunate Americans, which in all honesty those Americans are not willing to do those jobs anyways, but that still remains to be a huge debate. Americans get angry on immigration because if immigrants take the time to actually come to this country, they should take the time to become a legalized citizen of the US. Even if immigrants get the citizenship would Americans opinions change? Another problem associated with immigration is that it increases the population of the country and therefore, many look at immigration as a huge dilemma and in some eyes it is completely true. Detroit is one of the most exposed states of Michigan where immigrants visit to find jobs, socioeconomic status, etc. Detroit is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a major port city on the Detroit River in the Midwest region of the United States. Detroit is the only major U.S. city that looks south of Canada. Detroit is known as the world’s traditional automotive center and that’s why it has got two nicknames: The Motor City and Motown. From 1805 to 1847, Detroit was the capital of Michigan. The city assumed great importance after the mid-19th century as a shipping, shipbuilding, and manufacturing center, attracting migrants from around the world including Poles, Italians, Germans, Serbs, Croats and others. However, large number of migrants came from the South, especially African Americans who arrived in Detroit after 1900 as factory production increased rapidly. Detroit was the leading producer for the military during World Wars I and II. Industry spurred growth during the first half of the twentieth century as the city drew tens of thousands of new residents particularly workers from the Southern United States to become the nation’s fourth largest. At the same time, tens of thousands of European immigrants poured into the city. Social tensions rose with the rapid pace of growth. The color-blind promotion policies of the auto plants

Written exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Written exam - Essay Example A good example is where giraffes with short necks die after short shrubs die out, and after some generations all the giraffes will have long necks. Mutation is the mechanism whereby a DNA gene structure in a species changes with some units being deleted, inserted or re-arranged in such a way that it affects or alters subsequent generations. An example is an albinism genetic anomaly (Wool, 67). Cladogenesis is the evolution that is brought about by the splitting of a lineage. This is the separation of a gene pool into two or more gene pools. Anagenesis, which is also known as phyletic evolution, is that which occurs within a lineage. It is basically the collective changes that completely alter a species into a new species with different characteristics (Wool, 74). The phylogenetic tree that uses ‘prosimian vs. anthropoid’ is different from the cladogram, which differentiates ‘strepsirhine vs. haplorhine’, in that it shows the ancestors together with the degrees of relationship and the time that the taxa lived contrary to cladograms, which only show the degree of relationship and a hypothetical ancestor (Jurmain et al., 68) A good example of this is propithecus diadema, also known as diademed sifaka. It is found in Madagascar. Its adaptation for grooming is what makes it special from other lemurs. It has a toothcomb and a toilet claw in its second toe mainly for grooming. The white-headed capuchin, which is a new world monkey found in Central and South America, is in the family of platyrrhines. This type of capuchin is special in the fact that it is dominated by both an alpha female and an alpha male. The Zanzibar red colobus found in the main island of Zanzibar, Unguja, is a good example of primates in this clade. The males of the Zanzibar red colobus are very social and defend their group in unison and even groom each other between meals. The gibbons are among the most endangered primates on earth and they fall under this

Immigrants in detroit Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Immigrants in detroit - Research Paper Example tates and taking jobs from less fortunate Americans, which in all honesty those Americans are not willing to do those jobs anyways, but that still remains to be a huge debate. Americans get angry on immigration because if immigrants take the time to actually come to this country, they should take the time to become a legalized citizen of the US. Even if immigrants get the citizenship would Americans opinions change? Another problem associated with immigration is that it increases the population of the country and therefore, many look at immigration as a huge dilemma and in some eyes it is completely true. Detroit is one of the most exposed states of Michigan where immigrants visit to find jobs, socioeconomic status, etc. Detroit is the largest city in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is a major port city on the Detroit River in the Midwest region of the United States. Detroit is the only major U.S. city that looks south of Canada. Detroit is known as the world’s traditional automotive center and that’s why it has got two nicknames: The Motor City and Motown. From 1805 to 1847, Detroit was the capital of Michigan. The city assumed great importance after the mid-19th century as a shipping, shipbuilding, and manufacturing center, attracting migrants from around the world including Poles, Italians, Germans, Serbs, Croats and others. However, large number of migrants came from the South, especially African Americans who arrived in Detroit after 1900 as factory production increased rapidly. Detroit was the leading producer for the military during World Wars I and II. Industry spurred growth during the first half of the twentieth century as the city drew tens of thousands of new residents particularly workers from the Southern United States to become the nation’s fourth largest. At the same time, tens of thousands of European immigrants poured into the city. Social tensions rose with the rapid pace of growth. The color-blind promotion policies of the auto plants